


當含塵氣體從風口進入灰斗后,一部分較粗顆粒凝聚的塵團,由于慣性作用直接落下,起到預收塵作用。進入灰斗的氣流折轉向上涌入箱體,當通過內部裝有金屬骨架的濾袋時,粉塵被阻留在濾袋的外表面,凈化后的氣體進入濾袋上部的清潔室匯集到出風管排出,除塵器的清灰是逐室輪流進行的,只有合理的清灰周期才能保證除塵器的清灰效果和濾袋壽命。
清灰控制方式一般采用定時法也可采用定阻法。所謂定阻法就是控制袋內外側的壓差,隨著過濾的不斷進行,濾袋表面的積塵逐漸增多,除塵器的阻力也逐漸增加,當壓差達到表上的設定值(規定的阻力上限或一定的時間間隔)時,清灰控制器發出清灰指令使除塵器按既定程序進行逐室清灰。殼體用隔板分成若干個獨立的收塵室,按照給定的時間間隔對每個收塵室輪流進行清灰。每個收塵室裝有1個提升閥,清灰時提升閥關閉,切斷該室氣路,停止過濾,約五秒鐘后打開脈沖閥,在極短的時間內噴入0.5~0.7MPa的高壓氣體,在清潔室內迅速膨脹后涌入濾袋,使濾袋吹脹變形振動,加上氣流的吹力將濾袋外表面的粉塵下來,并落入灰斗,然后再打開排氣閥使該室恢復過濾。各收塵室的脈沖噴吹寬度和清灰周期控制自動連續進行。
2.控制系統的組成及硬件設計:
以撫順電瓷廠LFGM60-6型脈沖布袋除塵為例,其共分為6個室,每個室中有一脈沖閥,清完灰后,卸灰閥打開卸灰,由輸灰機將灰塵輸送出去。綜合系統參數要求,整個控制系統的核心PLC選用OMRON公司的CPM2A40CDR-A,其共有24點輸入,16點輸出,即可滿足系統要求。它具有性能可靠、結構緊湊,編程簡單,應用范圍廣、體積小等優點,其價格也相對較低,在我國已得到廣泛應用。其硬件組成如圖所示下:其程序框圖如圖3所示:在自動控制狀態下,只要有壓差或定時信號輸入,則PLC就按設定的時間或條件,以及預先規定好的動作順序,輸出信號,使各室氣缸、脈沖閥按規定的工藝流程自動打開、關閉,進行離線清灰。3.程序特點:
為了保證清灰程序的自動進行,簡化程序,軟件程序使用了多個定時器指令、互鎖指令、上升沿微分指令及移位指令 。其部分梯形圖程序如圖4所示:4.結束語:
除塵系統的可靠性及自動化程度直接影響到除塵器清灰效果和操作工人的勞動強度。如采用常規的儀表及繼電器控制分室高壓脈沖除塵器,不但控制柜體積龐大,而且系統接線復雜,繁瑣,可靠性低。采用可編程序控制器為核心的控制線路,大大減化了系統的硬件構成,而且使系統的自動化程度大大提高。該系統操作簡單,可靠性好,維護方便,大大減輕了操作工人的勞動強度,受到了用戶的廣泛好評。1 印刷電路板設計中的電磁兼容性
1.1 印刷線路板中的公共阻抗耦合問題數字地與模擬地分開,地線加寬。1.2 印刷線路板的布局
※對高速、中速和低速混用時,注意不同的布局區域。
※對低模擬電路和數字邏輯要分離。1.3 印刷線路板的布線(單面或雙面板)
※專用零伏線,電源線的走線寬度≥1mm。
※電源線和地線盡可能靠近,整塊印刷板上的電源與地要呈“井"字形分布,以便使分布線電流達到均衡。
※要為模擬電路專門提供一根零伏線。
※為減少線間串擾,必要時可增加印刷線條間距離,在意安插一些零伏線作為線間隔離。
※印刷電路的插頭也要多安排一些零伏線作為線間隔離。
※特別注意電流流通中的導線環路尺寸。
After programming, a syntax check can be performed to help correct the program syntax errors. 2) monitoring operation: PLC is connected with upper computer through RS232-C interface, the computer can monitor the work of PLC, observe the state of any work position, read all data, and force some work position to be ON or OFF. Also may according to the need convenient and the coal mine local area network link. 3) file management: the program can be stored as disk files, these files can be managed in accordance with the Computer File Management, program printing, and so on. 4) on-line Modification: Monitoring run-time need to modify the control program or found problems in the program, in addition to offline modification, in the case of not too many problems, but also allowed to change the program again. This kind of operation, while changing, not only does not delay the work of PLC, but also can directly find and remove the fault, is a more convenient debugging and improving procedures on the spot. 4. on-site anti-interference measures, because of the particularity of underground power supply in coal mine, the influence of all kinds of interference on the system must be considered. anti-interference is a crucial content in the system design, so corresponding measures are taken from the design of software and hardware to enhance the anti-interference ability of the system. The main interference source in the mine is caused by the power supply and grounding system. For example, the underground coal mine uses the transformer neutral point ungrounded power supply way, the power supply system contains the high-order harmonic component to be big; the underground coal cutter, the main water pump, the transport machine and so on big, the medium-sized electrical equipment use many and the work starts frequently, the electric network voltage fluctuation is big; the direct current overhead line electric locomotive runs in the tunnel, the rail as an electrode its inflow earth stray current is many; the Electric Locomotive Pantograph and the overhead line contact bad produces the electric spark to cause the electromagnetic radiation interference and so on. The disturbance caused by the power supply and the grounding system is very disadvantageous to the normal work of the system, so we take some measures to prevent the disturbance: 1) to the disturbance from the distribution system, add an anti-disturbance AC voltage stabilizer to the 220V output stage of the original distribution panel, so as to minimize the disturbance of the distribution
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